1043-3155 Pediatr Neurol Briefs pedneurbriefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs Pediatric Neurology Briefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2166-6482 1043-3155 2166-3155 Pediatric Neurology Briefs Publishers Chicago, IL, USA PNB-7-43 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-7-6-4 Movement Disorders Neurology Pediatrics Nervous System Diseases Child Development Brain Diseases Neurosurgery Child Infant Basal Ganglia and MRI in Tourette’s Syndrome http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-7931 Millichap J. Gordon MD 1 2 * Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL Correspondence: Dr. J. Gordon Millichap, E-mail: jgmillichap@northwestern.edu 06 1993 01 07 2016 7 6 43 44 Copyright: © 1993 The Author(s) 1993 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette's syndrome

Volumetric MRI changes in the basal ganglia of 37 children with Tourette’s syndrome (TS), with and without ADHD, compared to 18 controls are reported from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

 Tourette’s Syndrome Putamen Asymmetry Globus Pallidus

Volumetric MRI changes in the basal ganglia of 37 children with Tourette’s syndrome (TS), with and without ADHD, compared to 18 controls are reported from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Major findings were 1) right-handed control children had asymmetry of the putamen with left-sided predominence; 2) 13 TS patients had a reversal of putamen asymmetry compared to controls; and 3) ADHD in TS patients is associated with reduction in volume of the left globus pallidus and lenticular asymmetry. [1]

COMMENT. The basal ganglia appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of TS. ADHD in TS patients is associated with additional anatomic changes in the globus pallidus and lenticular region that differ from those primarily associated with tics.

Reduced basal ganglia volumes on MRI of TS patients are also reported from the Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT [2]. The left lenticular nuclei in TS patients were significantly reduced in volume, and the left globus pallidus and putamen mean volumes showed a 10% reduction. TS basal ganglia lacked the volumetric asymmetry (left greater than right) seen in normal controls.

Five of 7 patients with concurrent Tourette’s and Asperger’s syndromes showed developmental cortical anomalies on MRI, whereas normal MRI scans were found in 8 of 9 TS patients without AS, in a report from the Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic and Provincial, Barcelona, Spain [3]. The group with concurrent TS and AS had more clinical signs of CNS dysfunction and were more impaired on complex problem-solving and spatial tests than did TS patients without AS.

 Singer HS Reiss AL Brown JE Aylward EH Shih B Chee E Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette's syndrome Neurology 1993 May 43 5 950 6 8492951 10.1212/WNL.43.5.950 Peterson B Riddle MA Cohen DJ Katz LD Smith JC Hardin MT Reduced basal ganglia volumes in Tourette's syndrome using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques from magnetic resonance images Neurology 1993 May 43 5 941 9 8492950 10.1212/WNL.43.5.941 Berthier ML Bayes A Tolosa ES Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with concurrent Tourette's disorder and Asperger's syndrome J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993 May 32 3 633 9 8496126 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00021