1043-3155 Pediatr Neurol Briefs pedneurbriefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs Pediatric Neurology Briefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2166-6482 1043-3155 2166-3155 Pediatric Neurology Briefs Publishers Chicago, IL, USA PNB-6-58-b 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-6-8-3 Congenital Familial Disorders Neurology Pediatrics Nervous System Diseases Child Development Brain Diseases Neurosurgery Child Infant Congenital Hydrocephalus and Seizures http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-7931 Millichap J. Gordon MD 1 2 * Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL Correspondence: Dr. J. Gordon Millichap, E-mail: jgmillichap@northwestern.edu 08 1992 01 07 2016 6 8 58 59 Copyright: © 1992 The Author(s) 1992 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Seizures in children with congenital hydrocephalus: long-term outcome

The frequency of seizures and long-term outcome in 68 children with congenital hydrocephalus not associated with myelomeningocele were examined at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

 Congenital Hydrocephalus Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I Macrocephaly

The frequency of seizures and long-term outcome in 68 children with congenital hydrocephalus not associated with myelomeningocele were examined at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Mental retardation was a risk factor for the development of seizures and was diagnosed 4 times more frequently in children with seizures (76% compared to 17%). Cortical CNS malformation diagnosed on CT, such as agenesis of the corpus callosum, was another seizure predictive factor (48% v. 17%). The absence of mental retardation, older age and non-paroxysmal EEG at seizure onset, and absence of CNS malformation correlated with seizure remission. Seizures were adequately controlled by anticonvulsants in 42% and medication was successfully discontinued in patients of normal intelligence who had been seizure free for 3 years. [1]

COMMENT. The clinical and neuroradiologic findings in a male infant with congenital hydrocephalus due to intrauterine HTLV-1 infection are reported from the Division of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan. A 20 day old male infant was admitted with macrocephaly. The mother developed human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) - associated myelopathy shortly after the birth of the infant. The infant’s serum HTLV-1 antibody was elevated, suggesting an intrauterine route of infection. [2]

Factors affecting the prognosis of intrauterine hydrocephalus diagnosed in the third trimester are reviewed from the Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University, School of Medicine, Japan [3]. Four patients underwent transabdominal or transvaginal cephalocentesis with measurement of intracranial pressure and intrauterine pressure. Another 4 patients had pre- and postnatal CT or MRI measurements of the head performed shortly before and after birth. The results indicated extremely high intracranial pressure in the fetal brain, whereas after birth the macrocephaly was accompanied by a relatively low intracranial pressure. Fetal hydrocephalus is extremely hypertensive and ah impairment of neuronal functional development prenatally can be irreversible. The fetal ventricular amniotic shunt was not appropriate for maintaining the decompressive effect and a more reliable drainage system is required.

 Noetzel MJ Blake JN Seizures in children with congenital hydrocephalus: long-term outcome Neurology 1992 Jul 42 7 1277 1281 10.1212/WNL.42.7.1277 1620333 Tohyama J Kawahara H Inagaki M Ohno K Takeshita K Egi T Clinical and neuroradiologic findings of congenital hydrocephalus in infant born to mother with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy Neuroloyg 1992 Jul 42 7 1406 1408 10.1212/WNL.42.7.1406 1620356 Oi S Is the hydrocephalic state progressive to become irreversible during fetal life? Surg Neurol 1992 Jun 37 1 66 68 10.1016/0090-3019(92)90071-T 1727087