1043-3155 Pediatr Neurol Briefs pedneurbriefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs Pediatric Neurology Briefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2166-6482 1043-3155 2166-3155 Pediatric Neurology Briefs Publishers Chicago, IL, USA PNB-2014-28-8-8 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-28-8-8 Encephalitis / Encephalopathy Neurology Pediatrics Nervous System Diseases Child Development Brain Diseases Neurosurgery Child Infant Dysplastic Neurons in Ovarian Teratomas in NMDAR Encephalitis http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-7931 Millichap J. Gordon MD 1 2 * http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-0131 Millichap John J. MD 1 2 Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL Correspondence: Dr. J. Gordon Millichap, E-mail: jgmillichap@northwestern.edu 08 2014 31 10 2015 28 8 62 63 Copyright: © 2014 The Author(s) 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abnormal neurons in teratomas in NMDAR encephalitis

Investigators at University of Toronto, Canada, report detection of atypical (dysplastic) neuronal elements in 4 of 5 teratomas resected from cases with NMDAR encephalitis but not in 39 controls.

 Dysplastic Gangliogliomas Encephalitic

Investigators at University of Toronto, Canada, report detection of atypical (dysplastic) neuronal elements in 4 of 5 teratomas resected from cases with NMDAR encephalitis but not in 39 controls. These atypical neurons resembled gangliogliomas (n = 3) or ganglioneuroblastoma (n = 1). Abnormal neuroglial elements were closely related to immune infiltrates resected from 4 of 4 cases. Abnormal neurons within teratomas distinguish cases with NMDAR encephalitis from controls and may promote the development of autoimmunity. [1]

COMMENTARY. The authors propose that pathological examination of teratomas removed from patients with NMDAR encephalitis should first focus on areas containing CNS tissue and second on neurons closely approximated by inflammatory infiltrates. The colocalization of dysplastic CNS neurons and inflammatory infiltrates support an autoimmune cause for the clinical encephalitic presentation [1].

Broca's aphasia: a new phenotype of anti NMDAR encephalitis

Investigators at Le Kremlin-Bicetre and centers in Paris, France, report a novel case of anti NMDAR encephalitis in a 4-year-old girl who presented with partial seizures that evolved to sudden and isolated Broca's aphasia and subsequently resolved. Anti NMDAR antibodies were positive in CSF and serum [2].

 Day GS Laiq S Tang-Wai DF Munoz DG Abnormal neurons in teratomas in NMDAR encephalitis JAMA Neurol 2014 Jun 71 6 717 24 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.488 24781184 Deiva K Pera MC Maurey H Chrétien P Archambaud F Bouilleret V Sudden and isolated Broca's aphasia: a new clinical phenotype of anti NMDA receptor antibodies encephalitis in children Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014 Jun 11 Epub ahead of print 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.06.002 24980905