1043-3155 Pediatr Neurol Briefs pedneurbriefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs Pediatric Neurology Briefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2166-6482 1043-3155 2166-3155 Pediatric Neurology Briefs Publishers Chicago, IL, USA PNB-17-78-b 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-17-10-7 Attention Deficit and Comorbid Disorders Neurology Pediatrics Nervous System Diseases Child Development Brain Diseases Neurosurgery Child Infant ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-7931 Millichap J. Gordon MD 1 2 * Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL Correspondence: Dr. J. Gordon Millichap, E-mail: jgmillichap@northwestern.edu 10 2003 01 03 2016 17 10 78 79 Copyright: © 2003 The Author(s) 2003 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder with and without oppositional defiant disorder in 3- to 7-year-old children

The outcome of 131 children with ADHD (101 males, 30 females; mean age 5 years, range 3 to 7 years) with and without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) was determined in a prospective study at the University of Goteborg, Sweden.

 Oppositional Defiant Disorder Learning Disability Comorbid Autism

The outcome of 131 children with ADHD (101 males, 30 females; mean age 5 years, range 3 to 7 years) with and without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) was determined in a prospective study at the University of Goteborg, Sweden. Full DSM-IV criteria for ODD were present in 60% of ADHD patients, and only 10 were free of all symptoms of ODD. ADHD combined subtype, males, and children of divorced parents and of mothers with low socioeconomic status were particularly at risk of ODD. ADHD patients with ODD showed more ADHD symptoms than those without ODD. [1]

COMMENT. The prevalence of association of ADHD and ODD indicates the importance of inclusion of work-up for both disorders in children presenting with either diagnosis.

Prevention of severe learning disability reviewed by O’Brien G [2] emphasizes the detection and early treatment of comorbid autism and ADHD.

Kadesjö C Hägglöf B Kadesjö B Gillberg C Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder with and without oppositional defiant disorder in 3- to 7-year-old children Dev Med Child Neurol 2003 Oct 45 10 693 699 10.1017/S0012162203001282 14515941 O’Brien G Prevention in severe learning disability: lessons from a follow-up study of young adults with a history of childhood learning disability Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 2003 Aug 45 suppl 95 35 37 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2003.tb04656.x 12898990