1043-3155 Pediatr Neurol Briefs pedneurbriefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs Pediatric Neurology Briefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2166-6482 1043-3155 2166-3155 Pediatric Neurology Briefs Publishers Chicago, IL, USA PNB-10-68-b 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-10-9-6 Tourette’s Syndrome and ADHD Neurology Pediatrics Nervous System Diseases Child Development Brain Diseases Neurosurgery Child Infant Corpus Callosum Size in Tourette’s Syndrome http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-7931 Millichap J. Gordon MD 1 2 * Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL Correspondence: Dr. J. Gordon Millichap, E-mail: jgmillichap@northwestern.edu 09 1996 01 06 2016 10 9 68 69 Copyright: © 1996 The Author(s) 1996 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Corpus callosum morphology in children with Tourette syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The size of the corpus callosum (CC) in Tourette’s syndrome (TS) and ADHD was determined by analysis of MRI data in 77 children and adolescents, aged 6 to 16 years, including 27 controls, at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

 Corpus Callosum Tourette’s Syndrome Statistical Independence

The size of the corpus callosum (CC) in Tourette’s syndrome (TS) and ADHD was determined by analysis of MRI data in 77 children and adolescents, aged 6 to 16 years, including 27 controls, at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. TS patients had significant increases in 4 of 5 subregions (splenium, isthmus/posterior body, mid-body, and rostral body), the total area, and the perimeter of the CC. ADHD was associated with a significant decrease in the rostral body size. Inspection of subgroup means demonstrated a statistical independence of the effects of ADHD versus effects of TS on CC size. The larger CC in TS was independent of age, handedness, intracranial area, and the association of ADHD. [1]

COMMENT. The authors comment that TS and ADHD may result from distinct neurodevelopmental processes, and the three syndrome groups, comprising TS only, ADHD, and TS + ADHD, may represent different degrees of expression of the same gene. In addition to genetic transmission, environmental influences include prenatal factors, anabolic steroids, and antineural antibodies induced by streptococcal infection. (Singer HS, in Progress in Pediatric Neurology II, 1994, pp 227-231).

Baumgardner TL Singer HS Denckla MB Rubin MA Abrams MT Colli MJ Corpus callosum morphology in children with Tourette syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Neurology 1996 Aug 47 2 477 82 8757024 10.1212/WNL.47.2.477