1043-3155 Pediatr Neurol Briefs pedneurbriefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs Pediatric Neurology Briefs Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2166-6482 1043-3155 2166-3155 Pediatric Neurology Briefs Publishers Chicago, IL, USA PNB-10-59-a 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-10-8-4 Attention Deficit and Learning Disorders Neurology Pediatrics Nervous System Diseases Child Development Brain Diseases Neurosurgery Child Infant Quantitative MRI Changes in ADHD http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-7931 Millichap J. Gordon MD 1 2 * Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL Correspondence: Dr. J. Gordon Millichap, E-mail: jgmillichap@northwestern.edu 08 1996 01 06 2016 10 8 59 59 Copyright: © 1996 The Author(s) 1996 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Anatomic brain MRIs for 57 boys with ADHD and 55 healthy matched controls, aged 5 to 18 years, were compared at the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD.

 Caudate Nucleus Globus Pallidus Prefrontal Cortex

Anatomic brain MRIs for 57 boys with ADHD and 55 healthy matched controls, aged 5 to 18 years, were compared at the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD. ADHD subjects had a 4.7% smaller total cerebral volume, a significant loss of normal right>left asymmetry in the caudate nucleus, smaller right globus pallidus, smaller right anterior frontal region, smaller cerebellum, and reversal of normal (L>R) lateral ventricular asymmetry. Whereas ventricular volume increased significantly with age for normal subjects, no age-related changes were found in ADHD subjects. Within the ADHD group, Full-Scale WISC-R IQ score correlated with total cerebral volume. Decreased normal caudate asymmetry was associated with increasing perinatal risk only in the ADHD boys. [1]

COMMENT. Evidence that a lack of normal asymmetry of regional brain structures is involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD is further supported by this study. Decreased volume of the prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus on the right side point to a dysfunction of right-sided prefrontal-striatal systems in ADHD. A decrease in size of the splenium of the corpus callosum, previously reported in ADHD children (see Ped Neur Briefs July 1994;8:55), was not observed.

Castellanos FX Rapoport JL Giedd JN Marsh WL Hamburger SD Vaituzis AC Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996 Jul 53 7 607 616 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070053009 8660127